The complex roles of efferocytosis in cancer development, metastasis, and treatment

When tumor cells are killed by targeted therapy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy, they trigger their primary releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Microenvironmental interactions can also promote heterogeneity and development. In this line, several immune within the microenvironment, including macrophages, dendritic cells, regulatory T-cells, CD8+ CD4+ T involved in clearance of apoptotic through a process called efferocytosis. Although efficiency cell efferocytosis is positive under physiological conditions, there controversies regarding its usefulness treatment-induced (ATCs). Efferocytosis show limitation cytotoxic treatments, such as chemotherapy radiotherapy. Since treatments lead to extensive mortality, efferocytosis, macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype, response may get recurrence metastasis. Tumor use anti-inflammatory effect induce immunosuppressive condition that tumor-tolerant. tumor-promoting processes, receptors on macrophages act potential targets for cancer therapy. Moreover, researchers have shown efferocytosis-related molecules/pathways These include phosphatidylserine calreticulin, Tyro3, Axl, Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK), kinase, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1, annexin V, CD47, TGF-β, IL-10, phenotype switch combined with conventional which be more effective treatment. Thus, we set out investigate advantages disadvantages cells.